Hippocampal damage and cytoskeletal disruption resulting from impaired energy metabolism

To determine if impaired energy metabolism might contribute to some aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD), including the vulnerability of the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation and the altered cytoskeleton evident in neurofibrillary tangles, we examined the effects of metabolic poisons on neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the hippocampal formation. Intrahippocampal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) and malonic acid resulted in neuronal death, particularly in CA1. Cytoskeletal disruption included loss of dendritic MAP2, but sparing of axonal τ. MK-801 (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist) did not atenuate the lesions produced by intrahippocampal injection of malonate. MK-801, however, was effective against intrastriatal malonate. Acute systemic 3-NP resulted in neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation, including an extensive loss of MAP2 immuno-reactivity, but sparing of τ. The neuronal loss in CA1 was delayed as compared to striatum. Chronic intraventricular infusion of 3-NP produced a different pattern of neuronal damage. Loss of τ-1 immuno-reactivity was observed in CA3 and CA1 s. oriens, whereas MAP2 immunostaining was preserved. These results demonstrate that chronic and acute administration of metabolic inhibitors produce distinct patterns of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption. The results further suggest a differential involvement of the NMDA receptor in malonate-induced neuronal damage in striatum as compared to the hippocampus. The pattern of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption observed following acute metabolic impairment resembled some aspects of neurofibrillary pathology in AD, but did not result in τ hyperphosphorylation.     

超声引导经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的应用

目的探讨超声实时监视下经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的应用价值。方法将278例行锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术患者随机分为对照组（148例）和观察组（130例）。观察组于超声引导下置管，对照组采用传统盲穿法置管a比较两组置管一次成功率及并发症发生率。结果观察组一次成功率（100．0％）显著高于对照组为（90．5％），（P〈0.01）；观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论超声引导下行锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术可同步动态观察局部解剖结构及操作过程，其效果显著优于传统盲插法。     

Characterization of a model of malaria in the pregnant host: Plasmodium berghei in the white rat

This study characterizes a Plasmodium berghei white rat model of P. falciparum malaria in the pregnant human. Seventy-day-old and 114-day-old female rats, given an infecting inoculum at time of mating, had higher parasitemias and a more severe anemia than age- and sex-matched controls. Under these experimental conditions, the parasitemia went to crisis in all animals and there were no fatal infections. In contrast, all animals died when the infection was initiated 7 days after conception, a timing that brought a coincidence of peak parasitemia and term. Pregnancy during the post-crisis subpatent period did not cause recrudescence. At the time of delivery, the parasitemia was consistently higher in the placental (crush smear) blood than in the peripheral (tail) blood. This difference was greatest in animals giving birth shortly before or 1-2 days after the parasitemic crisis. Very young, compact parasite forms predominated in the placental blood, whereas trophozoites predominated in the peripheral blood.     

赤芍总苷对沙土鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of the total paeony glycoside (TPG) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. METHODS: Gerbils models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation for 12 min followed by 24-hour reperfusion. The effects of TGP on brain edema index, superoxide dismatase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the cerebral tissue homogenate and pathology of the brain were examined 24 h after model establishment. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, TPG at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly relieve brain edema, enhance SOD activity and lower MDA concentration in the gerbils. Pathological examination showed that the gerbils with TPG treatment had milder injury of the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS: TPG has obvious protective effects against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Effects of vasodilator drugs on venous tone in conscious rats

The dose-response effects of vasodilator drugs, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine, on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of body venous tone, were investigated in conscious, unrestrained, intact rats as well as in rats treated with the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. The effects of these drugs were compared with those of the vehicle, normal saline, in control rats. In intact rats, i.v. infusion of nitroglycerin did not alter MAP while i.v. infusions of nitroprusside or hydralazine caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP. After ganglionic blockade, all three drugs decreased MAP. In intact rats, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside did not affect MCFP but hydralazine increased MCFP. After treatment with hexamethonium, all three drugs decreased MCFP. The decreases in MCFP caused by nitroglycerin and nitroprusside, but not that by hydralazine, were significantly greater than the corresponding changes in control rats. Thus, in intact rats, the direct venodilator actions of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were masked by endogenous sympathetic tone. When sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated, both nitroprusside and nitroglycerin have venodilator effects. Hydralazine, on the other hand, had insignificant venodilator effect both in the presence and absence of sympathetic reflexes.     

切开复位内固定治疗骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折

目的探讨骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折手术治疗方法。方法切开复位内固定治疗52例骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折。前骨盆经Plan—nenstiel入路固定9例，Pfannenstiel入路结合部分髂腹般沟入路固定43例。37例行骨盆重建钢板固定，骨盆重建钢板固定结合耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定9例，6例2块骨盆重建钢板固定。后环37例经患侧髂嵴入路以骨盆重建钢板固定。8例骶骨骨折行骶髂关节螺钉固定。7例未行后骨盆固定。结果平均随访18个月。全部骨性愈合，无下肢不等长，骨盆畸形基本纠正。按Majeed疗效评定标准优良率为93．8％。结论通过前后联合入路，切开复位治疗骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折疗效满意，并可防止远近期并发症的发生。